Mankhwala a CT mu ntchito zamankhwala akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pafupifupi zipatala zonse pamwamba pa chigawo cha boma ndi kukonzekera zipangizo zamankhwala. Choncho, ntchito zamankhwala nthawi zambiri amakumana mu makina. Tsopano tiyang'ane mwachidule maziko a makina a CT komanso chitukuko cha kulephera.

 

 

A, Kapangidwe kamakina a CT

 

Pambuyo pa zaka za chitukuko, makina opanga CT athandizidwa bwino, kuwonjezereka zigawo za detector, kufulumira kuyesa kukupitirira. Mitundu ndi yambiri. Koma mawonekedwe ake ali makamaka hardware yofanana, pali mbali zitatu zazikulu:

 

1, ili pang'onopang'ono ndipo ili ndi X-ray detector gantry.

 

2 ndikutonthoza ndi makompyuta

 

3, ndi kukweza bedi la odwala.

 

Makhalidwe ndi kugwira ntchito kuchokera kumalo openya angathe kugawanika: kuyang'anira makina opanga makompyuta ndi kukonzanso mafano a mbali imodzi ya mawonekedwe a wodwala - kuyang'ana chithunzi ndi pansi. Pangani chida chachikulu cha X-ray generator ndi X-ray chubu ndikuchotsani chidziwitso ndi gawo lozindikira deta. Malinga ndi zigawo izi za CT sanazindikire zomwe zili zoyenera komanso pali maziko.

 

 

 

Makina awiri a CT makina olakwika, magwero ndi makhalidwe

 

CT imachititsa kuti kulephera kugawidwe mu mitundu itatu: Choyamba, chifukwa cha zachilengedwe zinachititsa kuti kulephera sikuli koyenera. Yachiwiri imayambitsidwa ndi ntchito yolakwika ya vutolo. Chachitatu, chigawo cha CT chokalamba, kusintha kwabwino. Kuthamanga kwapakati kumapangitsa kuti makina azivala kapena kulephera.

 

 

 

Kulephera kwa 1 kwa zinthu zachilengedwe

 

Monga kutentha kwa CT, chinyezi, digiri ya kuyeretsa kwa mpweya, CT kukhazikika kwa mphamvu zoperewera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zochitika zachilengedwe zomwe timazitcha kulephera. Mwachitsanzo: kutenthetsa mpweya wabwino, kutentha kwa firimu kumapangitsa kuti zipangizo zina (monga magetsi kapena transformer) zikhale zowonjezera kapena zowonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa bolodi. Kusokonezeka kwa makina otetezera, ma detectors ndi magalimoto oyendayenda amachititsa kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri ndi zinthu zina zojambula; CT kupereka voltage surges ingayambitse kompyuta kusagwire ntchito bwino, makina akuyenda osakhazikika, ngakhale kuthamanga sikunali kozoloŵera, kusayenerera kwa X-ray, potsiriza kumatsogolera ku khalidwe la zithunzi, ndi zina zotero; Kuyeretsa mpweya si dothi wabwino lomwe limatsogolera mosavuta ku kompyuta yovuta moyo. Kulephera kutumiza mauthenga angapo opanga mawonekedwe chifukwa cha kufumbikira kwa kutsogolera; ngati chinyezi ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chidzachititsa kulephera kwa zipangizo zamagetsi zolakwika. Zomwe zimachitika mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji zimayambitsidwa ndi CT ndizovulaza kwambiri, ngakhale zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwamuyaya. Choncho, chilengedwe chogwiritsira ntchito ngati n'kotheka, CT yochepa, moyo wautali wautali.

 

 

 

Cholakwika cha 2 cha umunthu choyambitsa kusagwira ntchito

 

Zinthu zolakwika za anthu ndizo: kusowa kwa nthawi kapena kukonzekera kukonzanso nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chifanizirocho chisakhale chachilendo kapena chabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa CT kuti zolakwitsa zoleza mtima zisaloledwe kuchotsa fano; odwala amavala zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zokolola; nthawi yomweyo amatsogolere kuntchito zosiyanasiyana za CT; kusankha kusanthula magawo akuwonjezereka zithunzi zopangidwa chifukwa cha zosayenera ndi zina zotero. CT kawirikawiri kulakwitsa kwa munthu sikungapangitse zotsatirapo zovulaza, malinga ngati zidziwitso za zifukwa zoyenera zowonongedwanso kapena kubwezeretsedwanso, zidzatha kuthetsa mavuto.

 

 

 

3 · Zipangizo za CT zimawononga zovuta zawo pakupanga

 

Kufunika kwa CT okhwima kwambiri kumagwirizana ndi malamulo a zowerengera zowonjezereka zowonongeka kuperewera kwa nthawi zinali zowoneka ngati zojambula, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pa nthawi yaitali (5- Zaka za 8) m'nthaŵi yosakhazikika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu ndikuyamba kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

 

a · kulephera kwa ziwalo zamakina

 

Zotsatirazi makamaka zazifukwa zitatu zazikuluzikulu zinayambitsidwa;

 

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa moyo wa zipangizo, kuperewera kwazinthu komanso kuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Poyamba CT amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthitsa njira yosinthira mozungulira nthawi yozengereza kuti akwaniritse nthawi yaying'ono yozungulira-yunifolomu - yofulumira kuima, ndipo nthawi zonse mobwerezabwereza, iyo inachititsa kuti chiwerengero chapamwamba cha makina akulephera. Mwachitsanzo, msanga nthawi zambiri amawoneka osakhazikika, zosavuta kuti zipangitse kutalika, kuziphwanya, kugunda, kumangiriza kwambiri. Ndipo kutayira chingwe, kupasuka ndi zolephera zina. Masiku ano ambiri a CT akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, njira yodzigwiritsira ntchito mofanana, ndipo makina ena apamwamba amagwiritsanso ntchito magnetic drive technology, zomwe zachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa makina oyendayenda. Komabe, chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphete, zimabweretsanso vuto linalake, chifukwa chakuti kutsekedwa kwa mphete kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamavutike kwambiri, ndipo amachititsa zinthu zosavuta komanso zamagetsi, monga kutaya, kuthamanga kupanikizika, kutsekemera (kutsetsereka kotsetsereka), zina (kugwedeza mphepete mwa mphete) kutayika kwa mayina. Choncho onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse mumaphwanya mphete ndikukonzanso. Zachigawo zina zimakhalanso zovuta kuzimitsa, monga X-ray collimator gawo losavuta ndi losavuta kuchoka, osagwira; Kulephera kulemba ntchito yanthaŵi yaitali; jenereta yoyendetsa magalimoto imatha kupezeka chifukwa chovala kapena kuwonongeka monga kutayika kwa zozizwitsa.

 

b · X-ray gawo la vuto lomwe limapangidwa

 

X-ray CT makina opanga makina opangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo zotsatirazi: high-frequency inverter, high voltage transformers, awiri-ray chubu ndi dera loyendetsa, mkulu wachingwe chingwe. Mbali imodzi ya inverter yaikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale yosasinthika kuwonjezera pa high-voltage transformer primary. Zolakwa zambiri ndi:

 

(1) kulephera-ray tube pokha: monga kusinthasintha anode kulephera, kusonyeza ngati phokoso lalikulu lozungulira. Zovuta kuti musasinthe. Kuwongolera, kufotokozera kumene kunapangidwira pamene zochitika zapamwamba za anode; filament ndi mbali ya cholakwika, filament. Chifukwa palibe dzuwa; X-ray chubu ya magalasi yotsekemera yotayika yomwe imatha kusokonezeka kapena kutayika, osati kutaya, kutaya madzi, kutentha kwakukulu ndi zina zotero.

 

(2) imapanga mbali yambiri yachinyengo: inverter circuit failure, breakdown, etc., high-voltage transformer short circuit, mkulu voltage capacitor, kupasuka. Zolakwitsa izi zimapangitsa kuti fuse yomwe ikugwirizana nayo yatha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo silingathe kuwululidwa, kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chokhacho chimatetezedwa.

 

(3) mkulu-voltage cable error: chojambulira chodziwika ndi chosasunthika, kuchititsa kupsa mtima, kupitirira-voltage kapena kuthamanga kwapamwamba, kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwapamwamba kwambiri CT X-ray tube rotation pambuyo ntchito yaitali, -kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, zolepheretsa izi zimagwirizana ndi fuse.

 

c · gawo lamakompyuta lolakwika

 

Kulephera kulephera kwa kompyuta kumakhala kochepa, ndi kosavuta kukonzanso, monga kamphindi wamba, mbewa, trackball, mavuto ena ang'onoang'ono. Ambiri ndi diski yovuta, makina oyendetsa makina, opeto-optical failure, chifukwa cha disk yovuta ndi ntchito yowonjezereka, malo oyipa amakula pang'onopang'ono, motsogolere kuwonongeka kwathunthu.

 

Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za makina a CT, zida za X-ray zimagwiritsa ntchito voliyumu yamagetsi yama ceramic, chonde pitani ku www.hv-caps.com